Reasons and Treatment of Diesel Engine Runaway
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August 03 10:14:43, 2025
The diesel engine runaway, also known as "coasting," is a dangerous condition where the engine speed exceeds its rated limit, causing violent vibrations, loud noises, and excessive black or blue smoke from the exhaust. This phenomenon not only damages engine components but also poses serious risks to the safety of operators, making it essential for crew members to recognize and respond quickly.
Diesel engine runaway can occur due to two main causes: excessive fuel supply or oil burning. While both lead to high-speed operation, they differ in symptoms and solutions. When fuel oversupply is the issue, the exhaust emits black smoke, and the problem can often be resolved by cutting off the fuel supply. However, if oil burning is the cause, blue smoke is produced, and simply stopping the fuel may not be enough—air intake must also be restricted to stop the engine effectively.
Common causes of fuel-related runaway include improper adjustment of the fuel pump plunger, stuck governor mechanisms, worn injectors, or incorrect installation of the governor components. For oil-related runaway, issues such as overfilled air filters, excessive crankcase oil, or damaged piston rings can allow oil to enter the combustion chamber, leading to uncontrolled speeds.
When a diesel engine starts to run away, the operator should remain calm and take immediate action. This includes closing the throttle, turning off the fuel tank valve, loosening the high-pressure fuel line, and restricting the air intake to reduce pressure. The specific method depends on the engine model. For example, on a 105 series engine, rotating the high-pressure pump handle 180 degrees and lifting the lifter can cut off fuel delivery. On a 485 type engine, blocking the intake and shutting off the fuel supply are effective steps.
It is crucial never to reduce or remove the load during a runaway, as this could cause a sudden speed increase. After safely stopping the engine, a thorough inspection should be conducted to identify and fix the root cause. If the engine is running away while driving, the driver should apply the brakes to shut it down without pressing the clutch.
To prevent diesel engine runaway, regular maintenance is key. Avoid tampering with the fuel pump unless necessary, keep all mechanical parts clean, ensure proper oil levels in the air filter and governor, use high-quality fuel and lubricants, and inspect the engine before long-term storage. Additionally, always clean filters properly and replace damaged oil seals on turbocharged engines.
By following these preventive measures and knowing how to respond in an emergency, operators can significantly reduce the risk of engine runaway and ensure safer operation.