Talk about Taiwan's Mushroom Cultivation Technology
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July 12 10:38:40, 2025
Cultivation techniques for oyster mushrooms, particularly the Pleurotus ostreatus species, require careful planning and execution to ensure high yield and quality. First, selecting the right strain is crucial. In Taiwan, most oyster mushroom strains are wide-temperature types, with a preference for high-temperature varieties that can be grown year-round. Ideal strains should exhibit traits such as high yield, fast fruiting, strong resistance, and stable genetic characteristics. One of the most popular strains in Fujian is the "Baby 2" variety, which is highly favored by farmers due to its ability to produce even during hot summer months.
Next, choosing the appropriate cultivation period is essential. To minimize contamination risks and save energy, it's best to start seed production when temperatures begin to drop after autumn. This helps create optimal conditions for mycelium growth.
Selecting the right substrate formula is another key factor. A common recipe includes 96% cottonseed hulls, 2% gypsum, 1% calcium carbonate, and 1% superphosphate. Another option combines 40% mixed wood chips or bagasse, 55% cottonseed hulls, 2% soybean flour or cornmeal, 2% gypsum, and 1% superphosphate. These formulas provide the necessary nutrients for healthy mushroom development.
Choosing the proper cultivation method also plays a significant role. Depending on local conditions, methods like bottle, potted, or box planting can be used. However, large-scale operations often prefer floor-standing cultivation due to its efficiency in management and harvesting.
Scientific management during the fruiting stage is vital. The four key factors—temperature, humidity, air circulation, and light—must be carefully controlled. Regular nutrient supplementation can significantly enhance both quality and yield.
Implementing a cold treatment system is especially important during the summer. By placing the mushroom bags in a 5–8°C refrigeration unit for 8–12 hours, the temperature shock encourages better fruiting. This technique is critical in preventing low yields during high-temperature periods.
A well-managed environment is also essential. Temperature fluctuations between day and night should be maximized, with cold treatments applied during peak heat. Humidity should be maintained using ultrasonic mist sprayers for fine misting, while proper ventilation ensures adequate airflow and prevents carbon dioxide buildup. Dimming systems using diffuse light help maintain mushroom color and firmness, especially in winter.
Nutritional support is equally important. After multiple harvests, the substrate becomes depleted, so a nutrient solution containing 10,000 times diluted liquid fertilizer and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen Phosphate can be used to soak the bags. This helps restore nutrients and boost subsequent yields.
Finally, timely harvesting and proper storage are crucial. Mushrooms should be harvested when the cap reaches 2–4.5 cm in size. They must be quickly sorted, graded, and packaged according to market standards. Throughout storage and transport, maintaining a temperature of 5–8°C is necessary to prevent premature opening of the caps and discoloration.