Winter mushroom cultivation techniques
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August 20 12:03:10, 2025
Straw mushroom cultivation, a traditional technique originating from Nanhua Temple in Shaoguan, Guangdong, has a history of over 300 years. This tropical and subtropical mushroom was introduced to overseas countries by Chinese immigrants in the 1930s and is now one of the three largest edible fungi cultivated globally. China leads the world in mushroom production, with most cultivation concentrated in southern regions. Known for its nutritional value and unique flavor, straw mushrooms are rich in vitamins, proteins, and minerals. Per 100g of fresh mushrooms, it contains 207.7 mg of vitamin C, 2.6g of sugar, 2.68g of crude protein, 2.24g of fat, and 0.91g of ash. The protein includes 18 amino acids, with 40.47-44.47% being essential, making it a valuable food source.
With growing interest in healthy diets, straw mushrooms have become a popular dish, increasing demand for their cultivation. Winter cultivation, however, presents challenges due to the need for high temperature and humidity environments (23–25°C, 85–95% humidity). To grow during colder months, greenhouses with good insulation are required, which increases costs. Despite this, winter-grown straw mushrooms command twice the price of summer crops, making it crucial to optimize techniques for better economic returns.
The key steps for winter cultivation include selecting nutrient-rich substrates, such as cottonseed hulls, straw, and organic fertilizers, using secondary fermentation methods. Greenhouse preparation involves soil treatment, trenching, and the use of microbial agents to enhance fertility. Proper moisture and pH control are vital for successful colonization and fruiting.
During the fruiting stage, careful management of temperature, humidity, and light is essential. Harvesting should be done promptly when mushrooms reach optimal size and shape. Regular harvesting ensures quality and maximizes yield. Fresh mushrooms can be sold directly or processed by removing surface dirt.
Overall, with proper techniques and attention to environmental conditions, winter straw mushroom cultivation offers both economic and nutritional benefits, making it an attractive option for farmers and consumers alike.