1. Preparation of ponds and supporting facilities

(1) Pond preparation: The pond area is approximately 3 to 5 mu, with a water depth of around 1.5 meters from east to west. The pond bottom is lined with plastic film to prevent seepage, facilitate drainage, and make it easier to clean and disinfect the pond in the future. The bottom should be slightly sloped towards the center, with a drainage hole placed in the middle connected to an external drainage channel for efficient drainage. Before each batch of shrimp is raised, thorough cleaning is done to flush out mud, dirt on artificial grass, and remove plants and aeration pipes.

(2) Aeration and warming facilities: Aeration pipes are laid along the north-south direction according to the size of the pond. Air pumps and aerators are prepared for this purpose. A hot water heating pipe made of iron is installed at the bottom of the tank, covered with a protective film or anti-rust paint to prevent corrosion. The main water pipe is connected so that hot water enters through the inlet and exits via the return pipe, maintaining a warm environment. In winter, insulation film and straw curtains are used to keep the temperature stable.

2. Water treatment: The aquaculture water comes from surrounding channels. It is added to the pond up to about 50-60 cm. Around 75 kg of lime is used per acre for disinfection. After 4-5 days, organic fertilizer and biological agents are added to adjust the water's physical and chemical properties.

3. Shrimp stocking: To stagger the peak growth period, shrimp are released in February and early July. After desalination, seedlings are planted once they show no signs of stress. The stocking density is set at 150,000 per mu. After release, the survival rate of the seedlings must be closely monitored.

4. Breeding management

(1) Feeding: Early-stage seedlings do not require feeding for the first one to two weeks as there is enough natural food in the pond. When natural food becomes insufficient, artificial feed is introduced. Feeding occurs four times daily, starting at about 10% of the shrimp's total weight and gradually decreasing to 3% in later stages. The feeding ratio between day and night is 2:3, and feeding is done regularly, quantitatively, and consistently. In the middle and late stages, vitamins like VE and VC are mixed into the feed to support liver health.

(2) Warming: Since we are practicing off-season farming, artificial heating is necessary when natural temperatures are insufficient. Local underground hot water is piped into the pond for circulation, keeping the temperature between 26 and 30°C. Fluctuations should not exceed 2°C. Temperature control is managed by adjusting valves on the hot water pipes. Sufficient hot water supply is crucial for stability.

(3) Water quality management: Maintaining a good water color is essential. Ideal colors include yellow-green or dark brown from algae or diatoms. Good water color ensures stable water quality, but in later stages, organic matter increases, causing instability. Regular testing of pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen is conducted. One month after stocking, water is slowly added to the highest level during sunny days to ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen. Sewage is discharged appropriately and treated before being recycled.

Biological agents are sprinkled every 10 days to maintain beneficial microorganisms. Artificial water plants are suspended to provide space for microbial attachment and reduce organic content. If ammonia nitrogen is high, biological agents are used. Nitrite nitrogen is difficult to control, but ensuring adequate dissolved oxygen and using nitrifying bacteria can help. pH should be kept around 8.0, with minimal fluctuations. Quicklime is applied weekly to manage pH, especially as the water becomes acidic in later stages.

Dissolved oxygen levels must remain above 3.5 mg/L, especially in later stages. Low oxygen can harm shrimp and worsen water quality, leading to elevated nitrite levels. Monitoring and maintaining oxygen levels is critical.

5. Disease prevention: Ciliate infestations on shrimp bodies are common in mid-to-late stages. There is currently no effective prevention method, so treatments are applied only when necessary. Using scientific water quality management, biological microorganisms, and regular monitoring have helped prevent disease outbreaks. Chemical drugs are used throughout the process under controlled conditions.

Second, greenhouse management

As we practice off-season aquaculture, insulated greenhouses are essential. They must be built securely to ensure good insulation and allow for adjustable temperature control by removing the insulation film when needed.

The greenhouse structure is made of steel pipes, with thermal insulation film attached and secured with wires. During cold weather, straw curtains are used for additional protection. Sufficient lighting is also important within the greenhouse.

In windy conditions, doors should be closed in advance to prevent strong winds from entering. The greenhouse should be checked regularly for loose or disconnected wires and reinforced if necessary. On rainy or snowy days, accumulated water should be removed promptly to avoid overloading and potential damage.

Third, shrimp harvesting

After 3-4 months of cultivation, shrimp typically reach about 100 per kilogram, meeting market specifications. Harvesting time can be adjusted based on local prices to maximize profit.

Due to the mesh covering the pond and the presence of aeration pipes, netting is not suitable for catching. Instead, cage fishing is used. After one or two rounds of fishing, careful handling is required to ensure all shrimp are caught. Average yields per harvest can reach up to 600 kg.

Fourth, experience

Throughout the entire breeding process, two key points should be emphasized:

1. As it’s off-season farming, water temperature must be manually controlled. This requires frequent inspection and maintenance of heating and insulation equipment, ensuring a steady supply of geothermal water. Staff should continuously monitor temperature changes and make timely adjustments.

2. High stocking density increases the risk of water quality deterioration and disease. To maintain water quality and shrimp health, regular water testing is essential. Biological agents, artificial mesh, and proper sewage management help create a favorable environment for beneficial microorganisms, reducing organic load. By using biological agents and artificial mesh throughout the process, we have created an excellent ecological environment, achieving near-zero discharge through scientific aquaculture practices.

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