Comprehensive prevention and control of epidemic diseases
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First, the epidemic symptoms of the fight against the disease is a devastating soil-borne disease caused by the infection of Phytophthora capsici and P. bergii. It can be attacked during the entire growth period of the melon, and the roots, roots and necks of the infested melons are infested. Man, leaves, tender stem nodes and fruit. It usually occurs in July-August when it is hot and rainy or after watering. After the onset of the rhizomes on the surface of the soil, diffuse lesions developed, and the cortex began to appear as a dark green water stain, which turned yellowish-brown, and gradually rotted or curled into a thin waist, and the whole plant died. At the beginning of the stalk, water-stained spots appeared at the beginning of the disease. Afterwards, the disease area continued to expand. The diseased area was sunken and the contraction was gray-brown. When the stem vines were onset, they mostly occurred near the tip of the vine, and at the beginning, they were dark green water-swivel-shaped depressions. After the circumscribing of the contraction, the upper parts of the diseased part of the leaves are wilted and wilted. The onset of leaves, the formation of a large round of near-circular or irregular water spots lesions, followed by the central part of the green and white, the lesions developed to the petiole, the leaf wilting, dry; the incidence of fruit on the formation of dark green water spots first Afterwards, the sag was continuously enlarged, which eventually caused most or all of the fruit to rot. When the body was wet, a large number of gray and white mold layers were produced, often accompanied by stench.
Second, the cause of the disease The initial infection source of the disease is mainly oospores on the field soil and plant diseases. After the winter, the oospores in the appropriate conditions, with the help of wind and rain or irrigation spread, causing the incidence of infection; when the temperature is between 10 ~ 37 °C, the optimum temperature is 28 ~ 30 °C, soil relative humidity> 85%, the incidence of heavy; After the heavy rain or heavy rain, the weather suddenly turned fine, the temperature rose sharply, the disease was prone to outbreak, and the incidence of canal water was higher than well water. Flood irrigation, string irrigation, soil moisture more than 95% for 4 to 6 hours, the bacteria can complete the infection, 2 to 3 days can occur for 1 generation. The incidence of clay is heavier, and the incidence of sandy soil and loam is lighter. The occurrence of heavy cropping, grazing, and rotation with other cucurbit crops is more severe; the cultivation of mulching film is lighter than that of open field cultivation, and the incidence of high ridge cultivation is lighter than that of tiling, and the drip irrigation ratio is lighter. Flooding, stringing irrigation, the incidence of light, sooner or later, irrigation than the incidence of light water at noon. Excessive cultivating times and the application of organic fertilizer without decomposition can also increase the occurrence of diseases.
Third, comprehensive prevention
1. Reasonable crop rotation Because pathogens can overwinter in the soil, rational rotation can reduce the bacteria in the soil. Fighting melons can not be repeated, chanting and cooperating with other cucurbit crops. The rotation should not be less than 4 years. The top crop is wheat, oil, corn, beans and other crops. Planting land should be selected from soil or sandy loam with high soil fertility, moderate acid and alkali, deep soil layer, good permeability, and convenient irrigation and drainage.
2. Seed treatment uses fine varieties with full kernels, large flat plates, clear black and white, strong adaptability, purity ≥ 95%, cleanliness ≥ 99%, germination rate ≥ 95% and water content ≤ 10%, such as New Seed Melon No. 1 , Min melon melon No. 1 and so on. Seeds before sowing, seed drying, 2 to 3 days after drying, seed dressing with 2.5% Clarion seed dressing, 10 ml of 2.5% water, add 150 to 200 ml, and mix 5 to 10 kg after dressing.
3. The cultivation mode adopts drip irrigation under film or cultivation with furrows (deep ridges and high ridges). The former is configured as follows: 70 cm mulch, row spacing 50 +130 cm, plant spacing 17 cm, drip irrigation belt in a 50 cm narrow row, a membrane, the average drip irrigation belt spacing 180 cm. The latter was configured as a 1.45 m wide membrane with a row spacing of 60+120 cm and a spacing of 17 cm. The ditching, filming and sowing were completed once. The plant is planted in reasonable density with 3000 to 3500 strains of 667 m2 seedlings, which should not be too dense to prevent canopy closure.
4. Scientific irrigation should be based on the soil, crop water characteristics, weather conditions and other scientific irrigation. The use of drip irrigation or trickle irrigation, is strictly prohibited stringy irrigation, flood irrigation, irrigated when irrigation to reach the water, the ditch is not water, the root neck is not flooded requirements. The spacing of the furrows is 30-50 meters, not too long to prevent uneven irrigation. The irrigation time is appropriate in the morning or at night, and there is no gardening at noon in the hot weather. In addition, in July-August, when rainfall is high, drainage work should be done in time to prevent water accumulation in the fields.
5. Pharmacy control Prompt drug prevention in a timely manner is an effective measure to control the spread of the fight against melon. Because the epidemic has a short period of incubation, rapid spread, and a high degree of harm, it is necessary to spray medicine before the onset of disease. In particular, after each heavy rain, it should be sprayed once and then sprayed once every 5 to 7 days. Drug control can be 64% anti-virus WP500 times, 58% metalaxyl WP500 times, 72% DuPont Kelu WP500 times or 69% Mn 800mg WP1000 times. Spray control can be combined with foliar fertilizer to reduce costs.
Author: Emin 164 groups