Reasons and Corresponding Measures of Black Sticks

Yunhe County has a long history of mushroom production. Shiitake mushroom and black fungus production have become the leading industries for farmers to shake off poverty and become rich. In recent years, the study of black fungus artificial ear and wood bionic cultivation technology has been successful in this county, which has created conditions for farmers to cultivate black fungus in large areas. In 2004, more than 17 million bags of black fungus were planted in the county and achieved good economic benefits. However, in the production process, due to the varying degrees of farmers' mastery of this new technology, there have been varying degrees of rods, which have affected the further increase of farmers' income. How to reduce rotten sticks and raise the income level of farmers has become an urgent problem to be solved.

1, rotten bar analysis

1.1 Improper selection of strains. Some mushroom farmers choose not to grow strong, slow bacterial strains, easily lead to bacterial infections, rods occur.

1.2 The season is not properly arranged. One is the spring planting black fungus inoculation period is too late or autumn black fungus inoculation period is too early, the temperature is too high during the bacteria, mycelial cytoplasm nutrient solution outflow, the performance of vomiting yellow water phenomenon. A yellowish-water-growing cultivation bag emerged. The mycelium in the bag was surrounded by mucus. Physiological activities were restricted, mycelium died gradually, and other bacteria infested with a high temperature and high humidity, resulting in rotten rods. The second is the late planting of black fungus cultivation season is too late or black fungus inoculation period is too early to arrange, the temperature is less than 20 °C during germination period, mycelial physiological activity is low, bacteria are slow, can not quickly occupy the culture material, causing miscellaneous Bacterial infections cause the rods to rot.

1.3 Improper management during the incubation period. The fungus at the early stage of the spring fungus fungus was located at a low room temperature, causing individual inoculation of the mycelium of the point of death and infecting the bacteria. During the germination period, the temperature gradually increased, and the respiration of the mycelium released heat, when the temperature When the temperature exceeds 25°C, ventilation cooling measures are not taken in time, and burning phenomenon occurs. In addition, poor ventilation during germination may cause the vigor of mycelia to decrease and cause bacterial infection.

1.4 Poor timing. In the spring planting experiment, some mushroom farmers tended to be too late, resulting in the aging of the strains, and they encountered high temperatures during the parade and caused the rods to rot.

1.5 The ear field has not been cleaned. The old ear field was used in the production. The culture medium, fruit bodies, and infected plastic bags and other contaminants were not cleaned during ear picking. The ear field was not sterilized and became a culture medium for the propagation of various bacteria. Decay, causing economic losses.

1.6 Improper water management during earing. During the formation of the fungus primordium, the watering was too early and the water entered the mouth to cause infection.

1.7 The ear was too late. The black fungus is rich in nutrients and is colloidal. It is not harvested in time, and the fruit body becomes thinner and loses its elasticity. It is not only of poor quality, but also prone to mold, resulting in a discharge of ear and ear.

1.8 Improper use of raw materials. For example, some villagers in the township used white tremie plaster, and all the rods used had softening when ventilated, and rotten rods appeared after the trekking.

2. Take corresponding countermeasures

2.1 Select bacteria. Choose the new family black fungus strains with a bacteria age of 35 to 45 days, good bacteria, white, dense growth, strong resistance to impurities, high yield, large ears, hypertrophy, and color detection.

2.2 Scientifically arrange the cultivation season. The black fungus cultivation is divided into spring planting and autumn planting. Practice has proved that the autumn planting period is generally arranged between August and September. When the temperature is lower than 30°C, the inoculation period is generally arranged around January.

2.3 temperature and culture. Black fungus mycelium in the germination phase needs to be carried out under completely dark conditions, the germination temperature is between 5-36 °C, the optimum temperature is 24-28 °C, autumn black fungus in the early stage of germination and spring planting black Fungus fungus in the late, when the temperature has passed 25 °C, the ventilation room should be at least 2-3 times a day, and sunny ventilation must be carried out in the morning and evening. In addition, spring fungus black fungus in the early stage of germination, when the temperature is lower than 20 °C, the incubation room should be warmed, so that the incubation chamber temperature reached 22-24 °C.

2.4 Management Science. The requirements for temperature, humidity, and ventilation are different in different stages of growth of black fungus. During the formation of fungus primordium, the relative humidity is maintained at about 80%, and moderate ventilation; during the formation of primordium differentiation, the relative humidity is maintained at 80%— 90%. At this time, if the humidity is too high, the water spray should be stopped immediately for 3-5 days. The ear should be slightly dried and then watered. During the growth stage of the fruit body, in order to promote the rapid growth of the ear piece, the principle of three dry and seven wet should be adhered to. , Increase ventilation, clear wet and dry, relative humidity maintained at 90% to 95%.

2.5 timely position. A small amount of ear buds appeared at the puncture hole culturing place of the fungus rod, which was entered into the field to see light culture.

2.6 Select the right raw materials. Should go to the "three certificates" full shop pick, buy qualified raw materials, do not believe the seller to sell the product.

2.7 timely harvest. When the fruiting body ears are fully expanded, the edges are thinned, the roots of the ears are shrunk, and harvested when the eight is mature. When harvesting, hold the fungus stick in one hand and pinch the ear root with one hand. Rotate it gently. Do not leave the ear pedicle on the fungus stick to avoid causing bacterial infection.

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