Cultivation and Management of Shatang Tang Rootstock
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2. Harvesting and processing of rootstock seeds Firstly, the mature rootstock fruits are picked, the fruits are cut open, the seeds are stripped from the sac and the seeds are put into baskets or cloth bags, and a small amount of ash or soda is gently rubbed to remove the seeds. The residual meat and gum on the seed coat are rinsed with water. Then add 0.1% potassium permanganate solution or 2% formalin solution for 15 minutes, rinse immediately after removal with clean water, placed in ventilated place to dry, you can sow. If you do not sow, you can spread the seeds on bamboo mats and air them. After 2-3 days, the seed coats can be stored white. 3-4 times the amount of seed can be used to clean the sand mixed with the seed storage, humidity wet hands into a group, gently put down and can be spread out. If you squeeze into a group, loose hands and break into pieces of wet sand, indicating that too much moisture, easy to bad species. Heap height 35-45 cm, bottom, surface two layers of sand about 5 cm thick, with a plastic film or sack covered with moisturizing, the surrounding with a plastic film or dry sack compaction, to prevent rodent damage. Always check to keep the sand dry or wet. Conditional seeds can be placed in plastic bags, placed in the refrigerator freezer, the temperature controlled at 3-5 °C, relative humidity of 70% is appropriate.
Germination method: Choose a piece of flat land and pile 3-5 cm thick wet sand on it. Put the washed seeds on the sand surface. Do not allow the seeds to overlap. Then cover the seeds with 5 cm thick straw or 1 - 2cm thick sand, pay attention to water, keep the sand moist. After 3-4 days, when the radicles of the seeds grow to about 0.5 cm, they can be sowed. During the pregermination period, the seed was turned once every 1-2 days to check the germination of the seed, and the seed germinating seed to be sown was timely picked out for sowing.
In addition to the above methods, it is also possible to mix 1 part of seed with 2-3 parts of fine sand and spray water to accumulate germination. The stacking thickness is preferably 20-40 cm. The moisture content of the fine sand is maintained at 5%-8%, and the temperature is preferably controlled at about 25°C. The seeds can germinate after 2-3 days. When the temperature is above 30°C, the germination ability of seeds will be greatly reduced; when the temperature exceeds 33°C, the seeds will almost lose their germination ability.
The germination rate of fine sand germination can increase the germination rate to about 95%, and the germination rate of direct germination without germination is only 60%-75%. During the germination, it is necessary to control the moisture content of fine sand. Excessive moisture can easily cause mildew and rotting. If it cannot be sowed immediately, the moisture content of fine sand can be controlled at 1%-2%, and it can be stored in a cool place for 15-20 days. Seeds after germination should be sown in time, otherwise the germs will break easily and the germination rate will decrease.
3. The sowing of sugar and orange seeds is best done with single seed drills. First, the use of thin sowing, no sub-bed transplanting, rootstock seedlings grow fast, faster to meet the grafting requirements. The planting density is 12-15 cm spacing, 15-18 cm spacing, 40-50 kg per mu, and more than 20,000 seedlings per acre. The second is to use miniaturized sowing and transplanting will be carried out in the next spring. The planting density is 8 cm and 10 cm. The germinated seeds were sown by hand pressing the seeds into the soil while sowing seeds upwards. Ungerminated seeds can be rolled with coarse round sticks to allow the seeds to come into close contact with the soil and then be covered with a fire or sand with a thickness so that no seed is visible. Finally, cover with a layer of straw or weeds or cover the Yangyang net and drench the water.
Sowing method can also be used, that is, the seeds are evenly sprinkled on the surface. Before sowing, the ratio of the seeding rate and the number of pods should be estimated to be equal, so that the seeding amount per pod is equal, and the density of the seedings is prevented from being too dense or too thin. This method saves labor, has high land utilization rate, has many seedlings, and has uniform seedling growth. However, it is inconvenient for fertilization management, and the seedlings are not densely distributed and must be transplanted or transplanted.
4. Management of Rootstock Seedlings (1) Fertilizer and water management can usually be done in half a month after sowing. When the seedling excavation rate reaches 50 percent, half of the cover can be removed. When the seedlings grow 80%, all coverings can be removed. Afterwards, we must keep the surface wet, pay attention to the well-covered seed cores, and do a good job of soil loosening and earth-cultivation. When the seedlings grow 3-4 true leaves, they should begin to pour 1?10 of thin, decomposed human excreta, 2 times a month. In addition, you can also properly spread urea and compound fertilizer, to stop fertilizer in late November, so as not to pull the winter shoots, until the next year after the beginning of spring and then fertilize. In colder regions, during the winter cold season, insulation measures should be taken to prevent frostbite seedlings.
(2) When planting seedlings in time for transplanting is planted densely, it can be transplanted in bed after the spring shoots are matured. The seedlings can be further transplanted and transplanted according to growth and size for easy management. Before transplanting, fully apply water, minimize lateral root injury when transplanting, and cut 1/3 of the main root longer to promote lateral root growth. After transplanting, the plant spacing is 12-15 cm 15 cm, and 11 000-12 000 plants can be transplanted per acre. The seedlings should be kept at the depth of the planting garden when they are transplanted and should not be too deep.
After transplanting, the seedbed should be kept moist. After 1 month, the seedlings have resumed growth. Thin human feces and urine can then be applied. Fertilizer can be applied twice a month, of which 20 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied per acre. In addition, the seedling stage should always be cultivated and weeded, keep the soil loose, timely remove the sprouts of the rootstock, and keep a strong and straight seedling trunk. It is also necessary to prevent and control pests that harm young shoots and roots in time.