Liaoning Cashmere Goats originate from the cities and counties surrounding Buyun Mountain in the southeastern part of Liaoning Province. This breed is primarily raised for both cashmere and meat production. Known for its high cashmere yield, strong adaptability, and stable genetic traits, it has gained recognition both domestically and internationally. The breed is mainly found in Gaizhou, as well as adjacent areas such as Xiuyan, Liaoyang, Benxi, Fengcheng, Kuandian, Zhuanghe, and Wafangdian.
**Physical Characteristics**
Male and female Liaoning Cashmere Goats both have horns. Rams possess well-developed, straight horns that extend outward, while ewes have shorter, more curved horns. Their heads are naturally curved with a glossy coat of fine bristles. The body structure is well-proportioned, with a strong build. They have thick necks, well-integrated shoulders, straight backs, and well-developed hindquarters, giving them an inverted triangle shape. Their limbs are short, with strong hooves, and their tails are thin and slightly upturned. The coat is entirely white, featuring coarse outer hair with a silky luster and soft undercoat.
**Production Performance**
1. **Meat Production**: Liaoning Cashmere Goats grow rapidly. At one year of age, they typically weigh between 25 to 30 kilograms. Adult rams reach about 80 kilograms, while adult ewes average around 45 kilograms. According to testing, rams before slaughter weighed 39.26 kg, with a carcass weight of 18.58 kg, visceral fat of 1.5 kg, a slaughter rate of 51.15%, and a net meat rate of 35.92%. Ewes before slaughter weighed 43.20 kg, with a carcass weight of 19.4 kg, visceral fat of 2.25 kg, a slaughter rate of 51.15%, and a net meat rate of 37.66%.
2. **Reproductive Performance**: The breeding season begins at 4 to 6 months of age, and females can be bred for the first time at 8 months. The ideal breeding age for rams is 2 to 6 years, while ewes can breed from 1 to 7 years. Estrus typically starts in May, with peak activity from September to November. The average estrus cycle lasts 20 days, and estrus duration is 1 to 2 days. Pregnancy lasts 142 to 153 days. Adult ewes have a lambing rate of 110% to 120%, and weaning lamb survival rates exceed 95%. The fertility rate of frozen semen in this breed is over 50%, with a maximum of 76%.
3. **Cashmere Production**: Liaoning Cashmere Goats are known for their superior quality, earning the title "fiber gem" and being considered the best raw material for textile industries. Cashmere growth begins in June, with rapid development from September to November, and stops in February, resuming in April. The shearing process usually follows a pattern: healthier sheep are sheared first, followed by weaker ones. Adult sheep are sheared first, then young ones, with ewes sheared before rams. Shearing typically occurs from early April to early May. According to the National Animal Fibre Quality Inspection Center, the average cashmere fineness is 15.35 microns, with a net cashmere rate of 75.51%, fiber strength of 4.59 grams, and extension length of 51.42 mm. The quality of the down is exceptional.
Liaoning Cashmere Goats have significant value in breeding programs and have made important contributions to the development of the Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat line. These goats play a vital role in improving the quality of cashmere goats across China, offering substantial social and economic benefits.
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