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**Scientific Name:** *Mahonia fortunei*
**Common Name:** Chinese Mahonia
**Alternative Names:** Southern China's Ten Credits, Soil Huanglian, Thorns
**Family:** Berberidaceae (formerly Ophiopogonidae)
**Distribution:**
Native to southern China, this plant thrives in various regions including Guangdong, Fujian, and Yunnan. It is commonly found in mountainous areas, forests, and shaded valleys.
**Morphological Characteristics:**
Chinese Mahonia comes in two main varieties: broad-leafed and narrow-leafed. It is also known as "Southern China’s Most Meritorious" due to its ornamental and medicinal value. The plant typically grows up to 2 meters tall, with upright, knotted, and ribbed stems. Its leaves are odd-pinnate compound, measuring 12–23 cm in length, with 3–9 leaflets per compound leaf. Each leaflet is oblong-lanceolate, 8–12 cm long and 1.2–1.9 cm wide, with a pointed or cuspidate tip and a wedge-shaped base. The margins have 6–13 sharp spines, giving the leaves a distinctive appearance. The upper surface is dark green and slightly glossy, while the underside is yellow-green.
The flowers are yellow and arranged in racemes at the top of the stem, forming cone-shaped clusters. They bloom from July to August, and the fruits mature by late November.
**Growth Habits:**
This warm-temperate plant is highly cold-resistant. Even when temperatures drop below 0°C, it does not lose its leaves, though the stems may suffer some damage. New growth appears in spring. It prefers partial shade and avoids high heat, which can cause leaf burn. It thrives in well-drained, acidic humus soil and is drought-tolerant but dislikes waterlogged conditions.
It is ideal for planting under trees, on the north side of buildings, or in shaded hillside areas. After 2–3 years, it can be pruned and rejuvenated.
When grown in pots, mix sand into the soil to prevent waterlogging. Replace the soil every two years. As the plant expands, gradually move it to larger pots. During the growing season, apply fertilizer 3–4 times, and provide shade in summer. In winter, move the pot to a cool, dry place to rest.
**Propagation:**
Chinese Mahonia can be propagated through sowing, cuttings, or rhizome division. Seeds can be collected and sown in spring. Hardwood cuttings are best done in February or March, while softwood cuttings are suitable during the rainy season. Cuttings should be shaded and kept moist. Applying a 20,000 ppm indole butyric acid solution for 10 seconds can enhance rooting. Transplanting is best done in spring or autumn, ensuring that the root ball remains intact.
**Uses and Value:**
The elegant foliage makes it an excellent choice for indoor decoration, especially in low-light conditions. It can also be planted in rock gardens or stone crevices, ideally with shaded trees nearby.
Medicinally, the roots, stems, and leaves contain alkaloids like berberine, jatrorrhizine, and magnoflorine, which have antibacterial properties. It is used to treat bacterial dysentery, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, bronchitis, sore throat, conjunctivitis, and burns. Harvest the fruit in late autumn, and collect the roots and leaves year-round.
**Medicinal Applications:**
- **Cold fever and thirst:** 30g fresh leaves + 15g Wattle leaves, decocted.
- **Acute icteric hepatitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis:** 15g Mahonia + decocted.
- **Hemoptysis and insomnia:** 12g Mahonia leaves + decocted.
- **Chronic bronchitis:** 30g Mahonia leaves + 30g Polygonum cuspidatum roots + 30g medlar leaves, decocted.
- **Chronic cholecystitis:** 30g Mahonia roots + 30g yellow roots + 15g medlar + 9g southern flavor, decocted.
- **Cough:** 100g Mahonia + 20g Houttuynia + 10g loquat leaves + 10g Shi Xiantao + 5g Aescin flower, decocted.
- **Rheumatism:** 12g Mahonia + 9g livelihood + 9g independent live, decocted.
- **Swollen venom:** Crush the affected area with Mahonia.
- **Eye swelling and pain:** Wash and fumigate with appropriate amount of Mahonia.
- **Sore throat:** 15g Mahonia roots + 15g loquat leaves + 9g mulberry leaves + 6g Chuanbei, decocted.
- **White belt disease:** 30g Mahonia leaves + 30g white English + 30g agrimony, decocted.
- **Pelvic inflammatory disease:** 9g Broadleaf Dagong root + 10g honeysuckle + 24g Viola, decocted.
**Note:** Avoid using Mahonia for lung deficiency, cough, or loose stools. Always consult a professional before use.
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