Key techniques for jujube tree pruning and maintenance
Key techniques for jujube tree pruning and maintenance ----- Pruning the pruned fruit tree to the patient who had done the surgery must be done well for wound protection and tree maintenance. Pruning is an important technical measure for the management of jujube trees; the level of tree disinfection and protection of scars is the key to inhibiting the recurrence of diseases and insect pests. Is it prudent to trim and trim prunes? Does the use of science and technology to carry out pollution-free maintenance of the tree? Jujube tree growth, results, yield, quality, and determine the level of income of jujube farmers. Some jujube areas do not attach importance to jujube tree pruning, do not understand technology, there are a considerable number of jujube trees are not pruned at all, let it grow naturally, the crown was chaotic head shape. Even if the pruning is done, it will not disinfect the tree body, protect the wound and make it dry, creating very favorable conditions for the pests to inhabit and reproduce! In recent years, with the improvement of the management level of jujube trees, scientists and technicians have gradually developed a set of key technologies for shaping and pruning jujube trees by borrowing some practices such as trimming finer fruit trees such as apples. Pruning time The winter shear is pruned during dormancy, and it is carried out after half a month of deciduous and before the second year of spring sap flow. Summer shearing generally takes place after the growth peak of the jujube head has entered and is slowly growing. Each of the resulting mother trees of the jujube tree can produce fruit branches each year, and a large number of flower buds can be formed. It can also be said that branches have flowers. After the development branches are formed, after 1 to 2 years of growth, they can be transformed into fruiting branches. Therefore, as long as the branches are properly arranged and the resulting branches are cultivated, the flower buds are easier to form and the size of the annual results The phenomenon is not as serious as other fruit trees. The annual growth of jujube stocks is only 1-2 millimeters, but the continuous result capacity can reach more than 10 years. Therefore, before jujube stocks are senescent, it is not necessary to trim the result sticks each year like other fruit trees. When pruning is performed, it is not necessary to perform pruning one by one. Only pruning branches of the same age can be performed. Therefore, pruning the jujube tree is relatively simple. Jujube trees have fewer vegetative shoots and can be naturally transformed into fruiting branches, and the relationship between growth and results is easier to coordinate. When pruning, focus on the training of the skeleton, the distribution of the mother branches, the control and adjustment of the age of the branches, and the adjustment of the tree growth according to the affiliation. Due to the long lifespan of jujube trees, the natural branching is less, the response of young shoots to pruning is slow, and it is not easy to draw development branches. Therefore, the jujube tree's plasticity time is slower than other fruit trees and generally needs to pass 7-8 years. Time to complete the plastic surgery. Jujube tree branches and two kinds of buds, their growth and development have a certain degree of regularity, branches, buds have interdependence and mutual transformation and the old and the new alternate relationship. The main buds growing on the top of jujube heads, jujube stocks, or on the side of jujube heads, and the jujube heads and jujube stocks formed after germination not only have different growth but also have different shapes, and their functions are also different. Zaotou and jujube stocks can be transformed into each other due to stimulation or changing nutritional conditions. After the jujube stocks are stimulated, they can be pruned to date, and the resulting shoots can be transformed into growing branches. The early picking of the jujube head can inhibit the growth of the second branch, and the jujube head can be transformed into a fruiting branch by growing branches. The output was obtained that year. The two branches on the jujube head are formed by the accessory buds, and the main buds between the leaf buds can generate new dates in the second year. The interdependence and mutual transformation between growing branches and fruiting branches is the basis for jujube tree pruning and adjusting branching potential. Winter pruning tips 1. The initial date of the jujube tree. The crowns of this period have not yet formed, and vegetative growth is still dominant, but the production has increased year by year. Pruning during this period should be based on sparse, retractive, short-cutting, and cultivation, and pruning should be carried out according to the principle of "four stays and five stays." "Four stays" is the peripheral jujube head to stay, the jujube head on the backbone branch must stay, the jujube head that is robust and full has developmental prospects to stay, the jujube head with a large number of secondary branches and jujube stocks and strong ability to stay, To achieve the goal of continuously expanding the canopy, increasing production year by year. "Five not stay" refers to drooping branches and weak branches that do not stay, slender oblique branches and overlapping branches do not stay, pests and dead branches do not stay, improper and unpractical leggy branches do not stay, round branches, cross branches, And branches and leggy branches do not stay. The jujube head that does not make the extension branch of the main branch for a short period of three years or more and the main branch date head that does not continue to be extended. For bald branches, gradually retract and renew. Summer trim points At present, people pay more attention to the winter cut of the jujube tree and ignore the summer cut. In fact, pruning jujube trees in summer can control the growth and development of jujube trees, reduce nutrient consumption, rejuvenate tree vigor, and expand the area of ​​results. Its effect is no less than that of winter shears. Summer cut jujube trees can generally be staged when the jujube head grows to more than 30cm. The specific method of jujube summer pruning is as follows: 1. Thinning: Weed out the new jujube heads on the perennial branches and stems that have been densely packed inside. Any misplaced ones that are not planned to be used for renewals should be removed as soon as possible. Jujube tree branch bud type and growth results habits, and general fruit trees are different, so the pruning is also unique characteristics: the results of stable performance, rapid transformation of growth results, Zaotou into dates, the continuous results of strong ability, small growth Easy to prune; but the jujube tree is unresponsive to pruning, so it is necessary to take advantage of the situation, with the formation of branches; trim amount should be light, combined with winter and summer pruning, pruning after the fruit tree to the patient who had surgery, be sure to Do a good job in wound protection and tree maintenance to restore her health as soon as possible. In recent years, our country has discovered in the market that the research and development carried out by Huaibi Plant Protection Plant of Gaoxin District in Shaanxi Province excels in the protection of jujube tree pruning and wound protection and tree maintenance, and enables the juvenile farmers to see an optimistic prospect of low input and high output. Pruning wound protection Whether it is winter cuts and summer cuts, they must be promptly painted "wound anti-corrosion film" to close wounds and promote wound healing. The anti-corrosion film is called "chemical bark". It is a cylindrical oil soft solid with high technological content. It is easy to carry, simple to use, and high-efficiency and low-cost. It can quickly form a layer of tough soft film on wood to protect wound healing tissue from growing. Infestation, soil protection, rain pollution, antifreeze, crack prevention. It is the basic product for producing AA grade fruit. Tree maintenance After the pruning is completed, the whole tree body is sprayed once and the 100-time liquid body of the “General Tree Guardian†is disinfected to eliminate the overwintering pest eggs, maggots, etc., and eliminate the bacteria that are on the surface of the bark. The use of autumn leaves (fruit trees after deciduous use) can make the fruit trees chill out and safely hibernate; when used in early spring (before germination), they can rejuvenate the fruit trees and enhance their resistance to cold and disease. General Tree Guard is a compound preparation successfully developed using UV disinfection technology. The coated tree can quickly form a protective film, suffocating bactericidal, and prevent various cortical conditions. Suitable for protecting various trees. Usage is simple, scientific, hygienic and efficient. Spray tree trunks and branches to keep warm, disinfect and prevent frost, hinder the overwintering virus from falling on the tree to reproduce, protect flowers, preserve fruits, prevent freezing, prevent burning, prevent decay, prevent tenderness from drying out, and promote wound healing. The above points are just a summary of the author's management experience of harvesting and jujube, and a brief description of the scientific management technology of Zaoyuan, whether it can be a guiding article for jujube managers, but also requires the readers to further verify in practice. . About the author: Huaibi, who is a member of Wanguo Mall in Gaoxin District, Shaanxi Province, engaged in plant protection scientific research for more than 20 years, invented several patent achievements such as “Promoting Kaowangâ€, and published more than 90 academic exchange articles in newspapers and authoritative magazines. Audio CDs distributed throughout the country, loved by readers. In order to guide farmers in harmonious plant protection and scientifically manage orchards, I have provided free technical consultation services for farmers throughout the country for many years. Service phone: 0913-2105261 Chemical Raw Materials,Pvc Raw Material,Dicyandiamide 99.5%,Cleaning Chemicals Raw Material Ningxia Darong Chemicals & Metallurgy Co., Ltd. , https://www.darong-cyanamide.com
Pruning method (1) Short cut: Cut the jujube head extension or a part of the second branch of the jujube head.
(2) Thinning: Also called sparse cutting, sparse room. It is cutting branches from the base.
(3) Retraction: Also called shrinking. It is a short cut to perennial branches.
(4) Topping: In the growing season, remove a portion of the young shoots on the top of the newborn jujube head.
(5) Relaxation: The first year of raw jujube used as the main lateral extension branch is not cut.
(6) Categorization: Flatten the upright leggy and don't under the nearby branches.
(7) Pulling the branches: The available inner litchi and leggy branches are pulled to the missing parts of the canopy.
(8) Injury: Cuts are made 1 cm above the main bud, reaching deep into the xylem and causing the bud to germinate.
(9) Wiping buds: Eradication of unused buds or tender shoots.
2. Jujube tree in full fruit period. The canopy has been formed during this period, the growth potential has weakened, the canopy is basically stable, and the result is strong. At the late stage, the tip of the stem was gradually bent and cross-grooved, and the internal hemorrhoid gradually withered. The resulting site shifted outward. Therefore, pruning should be combined with the method of loosening, opening the light path, irradiating light into the pupa, cultivating the inner lychee, preventing the internal shoots from dying and the resulting parts being moved outwards, paying attention to the culturing and renewal of the twigs, and extending the result years.
3. The old date tree's updated trim. With the increase of tree age, the stems gradually withered, the crown became smaller, the growth became significantly weaker, the growth of the jujube head was small, the jujube hanging was short, and the result was significantly decreased. This old tree needs to be updated and trimmed to rejuvenate the tree. The degree of updating depends on the number of effective date stocks (ie live stocks). Jujube trees should be renewed when 300-500 jujube stocks are valid, that is, the outgrowths are selected from the backbone branches, and the total length of the stem branches is cut off by 1/2—2/3. Tree-cultivation for 2 to 3 years; when the effective jujube stocks are between 500 and 1000, they can be updated in medium, 1/4 to 1/3 of the total length of the stem branches are cut off, and the opening of the armor is stopped and the tree is maintained for 1-2 years; When the shares are between 1000 and 1500, they can be lightly renewed and saw off 1/7—1/5 of the total length of the backbone branches. As usual, they will open their armor, but the traditional way of opening will weaken the tree vigor. The "Kui Hua Wang No.2" developed by Bi-Ping Bao Pin Factory was used by the technical bureaus of the Forestry Bureaus of Zhanhuang, Luquan, Hangtang and other counties in Hebei Province. It can not only replace the armor, but also color the fruit surface and increase the output. All have very good results.
2. Topping: It is to cut off the buds on the top of the jujube head. Generally, about 10 cm of the young part is removed, and 4 to 6 second branches are kept below the part of the part. For the young branches of the saplings and the main and lateral branches to pick up the heart, can promote the germination of new branches; on the weak branches, horizontal branches, the second branch of the jujube head light picking the heart, can promote growth and fullness; the strong Wang sticks, extension branches, renewed branches of the jujube The first heavy topping, can concentrate nutrients, promote the development of secondary branches and jujube hanging, and increase the fruit setting rate.
3. Pruning: If there are missing branches or spaces in the crown trees, they can be pulled out to fill the space to adjust the crown and enlarge the result area. For the saplings during shaping, they can be supported by wooden sticks, tied, or pulled by ropes, so that the opening angle of the main branch of the first layer is maintained at about 60 degrees.
4. Wiping buds: Eradicate useless sprouts sprouting from branches and stems to save nutrients.
5. Slow release: For the extension branch and the main fruit branch that are left as the main branches and lateral branches, the head of the year will not be treated so that it will continue to grow and expand the crown to increase the area of ​​the result.
6. In addition to earthworms, if roots that are rooted in the roots are not to be kept as seedlings, they should be eradicated as soon as possible to reduce the consumption of nutrients.