Cucumbers typically grow straight with a slight apex. However, during the growth and development of cucumbers, environmental factors such as nutrient deficiency, insufficient light, and poor management can lead to abnormalities, especially in greenhouse back-season cultivation. When conditions fail to meet the needs of cucumber growth, issues like crooked or bitter fruits may occur. These malformations are physiological disorders that reduce the commercial value and yield of cucumbers, making early prevention essential.
One common issue is the "thin-shouldered" cucumber, where the middle part of the fruit becomes narrow and thin, often leading to breakage and discoloration. This condition usually occurs when plants are under-fertilized, especially when there's an imbalance in nutrients or high temperatures and humidity promote excessive growth. In dry and hot environments, growth can slow down, limiting normal fruit development and causing thin-waisted melons. Additionally, infections like scab or boron deficiency can also result in this problem.
To prevent thin-shouldered cucumbers, ensure good pollination conditions, provide balanced nutrition, especially during fruiting, and supplement with boron fertilizer. Spraying 0.05% to 0.1% 2,4-D hormone during early blooming can help promote straight fruit development.
Another issue is the curved cucumber, which results from improper temperature, light, water, and fertilizer management. Large day-to-night temperature differences, strong winds, and weak light can hinder ovary development, leading to crooked fruits. Over-application of phosphorus and potassium, combined with drought during fruiting, can also cause this issue, resulting in dull, unattractive fruits.
Prevention includes creating optimal conditions for flower bud differentiation, managing fertilization and irrigation carefully, and applying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers after each harvest. Ensure proper ventilation, clean the greenhouse film, increase light exposure, and use organic fertilizers to maintain soil health and moisture levels.
Large-bellied cucumbers occur when only the middle and tip of the fruit receive adequate nutrients, causing uneven growth. If fruit expansion is insufficient or drought occurs, it can lead to a swollen middle section. Parthenocarpic varieties may also develop this issue if nutrition is inadequate during early fruit growth. Poor fertilizer management or dehydration can weaken plant growth, leading to large-bellied fruits.
To prevent this, improve air circulation and light for lower leaves, strengthen nutrient supply after each harvest, and apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar spray (0.3%–0.5%) to support healthy growth.
Bitter cucumbers often result from excessive nitrogen or lack of phosphorus and potassium, especially when nitrogen is applied suddenly, causing elongated vines and bitter fruits on side branches. Low temperatures and cloudy weather can impair root activity, reducing nutrient uptake and leading to bittersin accumulation in roots and lower parts of the fruit. Bitterness is hereditary, commonly found near the base, not at the tip.
To prevent bitterness, choose non-bitter varieties like Jinza or Jinchun series. Maintain proper temperature control—keep seedlings and fruiting stages above 13°C, and avoid exceeding 32°C later. Control watering appropriately, avoid overwatering, and ensure balanced fertilization with a 5:2:6 ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Use biological agents like Jian Bo to effectively reduce bitterness.
Finished Pharmaceutical Products
The definition of Finished
Pharmaceutical Product can be found in § 4 (1) of the Medicines Law. It reads:
"Finished drugs are drugs that are prepared in advance and sold in
specific packaging to the consumer..." The drugs are mostly in the form of
tablets, capsules, drops, liquids, ointments and suppositories. For
Phytotherapy (healing with plants) numerous drugs are also available in
pharmacies in which drugs or drug preparations are processed. One distinguishes
between the drug preparations: the chopped drug to prepare a tea, the milled drug
(= drug powder) and the dried extract for the manufacture of tablets, capsules
and pills, tincture for the preparation of drops and the fluid extract for
juices, salves and other ointments to name a few. A finished drug with a drug
formulation is called an "herbal medicine" or phytopharmacon (plural:
phytopharmaceuticals).
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