Puppet fish breeding technology

Otsuka, commonly known as the giant salamander, is a species belonging to the amphibian class. There are two main types: the Chinese Otsuka and the Japanese Otsuka. The Chinese giant salamander is a rare and highly valuable wild animal. Not only does it contain 27 times more nutrients than turtles, but it also offers greater medicinal and ornamental value, along with significant scientific importance in understanding animal evolution. Giant salamanders are generally docile and omnivorous. Their natural diet includes fish, shrimp, frogs, mollusks, aquatic insects, and shellfish. Under artificial breeding conditions, their growth rate is significantly faster compared to the wild. For example, large tadpoles can grow from 1 kg to 5 kg within just one year at moderate temperatures, making them economically promising. This article will focus on large-scale artificial breeding techniques. 1. **Breeding Conditions**: Both indoor and outdoor environments can be used for raising giant salamanders. Outdoor ponds are typically built in open areas, while indoor setups use repurposed facilities. The aquaculture ponds should be sturdy, waterproof, and either have running water or an aerator system. Indoor pond sizes can range from 1 to tens of square meters. Before stocking, the ponds need to be filled with water for at least one month to stabilize the pH level below 6.4. They should be kept in low-light or dark conditions to mimic their natural habitat. 2. **Stocking Seedlings**: Breeding usually starts with larvae over 10 cm in length. About 20 individuals per square meter of water are recommended. Before placing them in the pond, seedlings are treated with copper sulfate (2 mg/L) for 5 hours and then bathed in a 5% sodium chloride solution for 10 minutes. In the pond, granite rocks are placed to create hiding spots, and plants are added to provide shelter. 3. **Feeding**: A feeding table is set up slightly above the water surface. Natural food sources such as plankton, insects, small fish, meat, and shellfish are preferred. Feeding should occur twice daily—once before 7:30 AM and again before 10:30 PM. Before each feeding, leftover bait must be removed. The amount of food should be 5-10% of the salamander’s body weight. When the water temperature is between 16°C and 23°C, the feeding quantity can be increased, while the frequency remains consistent. 4. **Daily Management**: Daily care is straightforward but essential. It's important to maintain a routine for feeding—on time, at fixed locations, and in measured amounts. Understanding the ecological habits of the giant salamander is crucial. They are sensitive to noise and bright light, prefer calm and dark environments, and are afraid of drowning. Regular cleaning and disinfection of the culture area and carcasses are necessary to prevent disease. Water temperature should be closely monitored—ideally not exceeding 26°C in summer to avoid heat stress, and not dropping below freezing in winter. By following these guidelines, it is quite feasible to successfully raise large clams artificially. With proper care and attention, breeders can achieve high yields and maintain healthy populations.

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