Puppet fish breeding technology

Otsuka, commonly known as the giant salamander, is a species belonging to the amphibian class. There are two main types: the Chinese Otsuka and the Japanese Otsuka. Among them, the Chinese giant salamander is considered a rare wild animal with high economic value. It not only contains 27 times more nutrients and has greater medicinal and ornamental value compared to turtles, but it also holds significant scientific importance in the study of animal evolution. This makes it a highly sought-after species both for research and commercial purposes. Giant salamanders are generally docile and omnivorous. Their natural diet consists of fish, shrimp, frogs, mollusks, aquatic insects, and shellfish. Under artificial rearing conditions, they grow much faster than in the wild. For example, large tadpoles can increase from 1 kg to 5 kg within one year at moderate temperatures, making their economic potential substantial. The following section outlines key techniques for large-scale artificial breeding. 1. Breeding Conditions: Both indoor and outdoor environments can be used for raising giant salamanders. Outdoor ponds are typically constructed in open areas, while indoor facilities often repurpose existing structures into aquaculture ponds. These ponds must be sturdy, leak-proof, and either have running water or an aeration system. Indoor pond sizes can range from 1 to tens of square meters. Before stocking, the culture ponds should be submerged in water for at least one month to stabilize the pH level below 6.4. They should be kept in low-light or dark conditions to mimic their natural habitat. 2. Seedling Stocking: Juvenile salamanders, typically over 10 cm in length, are introduced into the ponds. A density of about 20 individuals per square meter is recommended. Before being placed in the pond, the seedlings are treated with copper sulfate (2 mg/L) for 5 hours and then bathed in a 5% sodium chloride solution for 10 minutes. To provide shelter, granite rocks are arranged to form caves, and aquatic plants are added for hiding. 3. Feeding: A feeding table is placed just above the water surface in the pond. Natural food sources such as plankton, insects, small fish, meat, and shellfish are preferred. Feeding is done twice daily—once before 7:30 AM and again before 10:30 PM. Before each feeding, any leftover food from the previous session should be removed. The amount of food given should be 5–10% of the salamander's body weight. When the water temperature is between 16°C and 23°C, the feeding amount can be slightly increased, while the feeding frequency remains consistent. 4. Daily Management: Although daily management is relatively simple, it plays a crucial role in the success of breeding. Three key principles should be followed: feeding at fixed times, at specific locations, and in controlled quantities. Understanding the ecological habits of the giant salamander is essential. They are sensitive to noise and bright light, prefer quiet and dark environments, and are afraid of drowning. Regular cleaning and disinfection of the ponds and the animals themselves are necessary to prevent diseases. Water temperature should be monitored closely. In summer, it should not exceed 26°C to avoid heat stress, and in winter, it should not drop below freezing to prevent cold damage. By following these guidelines, it becomes quite feasible to successfully raise large giant salamanders in an artificial environment.

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