To successfully raise sheep, it's essential to follow a well-structured and comprehensive approach. First, constructing the right housing is crucial. The sheep house should be located in a dry, sunny, and sheltered area. A breeding area of 10 to 20 square meters should be set up in front of the house for feeding and watering facilities. It’s important to have proper drainage outside the house, and the floor inside can be made of bamboo mats or concrete. In colder regions, plastic film shelters can be used during winter to increase the temperature by 4–7°C, which helps the sheep grow better. Regular disinfection with solutions like 20% lime milk or 10% bleach is necessary for the house, pens, feeding troughs, and water containers.
Second, proper separation is key. Sheep should be housed separately based on age, breed, and health condition to meet industrial farming standards. Special areas such as a lambing room, isolation shed, and sick pen should be established, along with appropriate feeding and management practices.
Third, selecting the right breeds is vital. Choose high-quality breeds that are large, fast-growing, have good reproduction rates, strong adaptability, and produce high-quality meat. For example, Boer goats from South Africa are often preferred for males, while Chinese horse-head goats, Saanen goats, and Hebei white goats are suitable for females.
Fourth, mating should be carefully managed. Introduce rams from different areas regularly, assign ear tags to breeding rams, and keep detailed records of breeding dates, methods, and lambing outcomes. This helps prevent inbreeding and maintain genetic diversity.
Fifth, consider the scale of your operation. Start with about 20 breeding ewes, which can generate an annual income of around 10,000 yuan. If you're just starting out, don’t rush to expand—focus on gaining experience and growing gradually.
Sixth, manage the density of the flock. Sheep need enough space to move and graze. Each sheep should have 1.5 to 2.5 square meters of space in the pen to ensure comfort and reduce stress.
Seventh, feed them properly. Sheep are primarily grazers, so a diet rich in roughage is essential. Establish dedicated grazing land and plant grasses like alfalfa and ryegrass. During summer and autumn, fresh grass can be fed, while dried or silaged grass can be used in other seasons. Corn can also be grown for silage. In addition to roughage, supplement with concentrated feeds like soybean meal, bran, fish meal, and bone meal. Adding rumen enhancers and urea can improve feed efficiency.
Eighth, focus on disease prevention. Common diseases include lamb diarrhea, streptococcus, contagious pustules, internal parasites, and lice. Implement a “preventive†strategy with regular vaccinations and treatments.
Ninth, effective management is essential. Whether raising sheep on pasture or in confinement, proper grouping and rotation of grazing areas help maintain productivity. Regular tasks like brushing and hoof care should not be overlooked.
Lastly, castration is important for male lambs raised for meat. It’s best done between 7 to 21 days of age, which helps improve meat quality, makes the animals more docile, and speeds up the fattening process.
By following these steps, you can create a healthy, productive, and sustainable sheep farming system.
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