Tobacco topping and axillary bud control (on)
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September 26 11:33:00, 2025
After tobacco plants begin to develop, a significant portion of the nutrients in the leaves is redirected toward reproductive structures, which can result in reduced leaf yield and lower quality. To maintain high-quality leaf production, it's essential to perform topping at the later stages of growth. Topping removes the apical dominance, causing axillary buds to grow rapidly. These buds have the potential to flower and become vigorous, but if left unchecked, they will compete with the leaves for nutrients, ultimately affecting both yield and quality. Therefore, it's crucial to promptly remove these buds after topping to control their growth.
The timing and method of topping depend on several factors, including topography, soil depth, fertility level, nitrogen fertilizer application, and irrigation conditions. The upper leaves should be developed to match or slightly exceed the size of the middle leaves, ensuring good quality and usability. There are different topping techniques depending on the stage of bud development:
**Bud Removal (Early Topping):** When the bud is still enclosed within the top leaf, carefully open the leaves and remove the bud using tweezers or small bamboo sticks. This method allows for early intervention and minimal nutrient loss, but it may cause the parietal lobe to become thick and short, limiting node elongation. It is typically used in fields with poor nutrition or where excessive rainfall has leached nutrients from the soil, aiming to conserve nutrients for the leaves.
**Budding (Intermediate Topping):** When the buds are 4–6 cm long and clearly separated from the young leaves, they can be removed along with their lower 2–3 leaves, known as "mosaics." This technique is performed at an earlier stage, reduces nutrient consumption, promotes proper leaf expansion, and is widely used in commercial tobacco production due to its efficiency and effectiveness.
**Initial Flowering (Moderate Topping):** When the inflorescence starts to emerge and a few flowers open, the entire inflorescence, along with its lower 2–3 leaves, is removed. This method is applied later than budding and results in more nutrient consumption. It is suitable for well-fertilized fields with rich soil, helping to balance nutrient distribution and improve leaf quality.
**Full Flower Topping (Late Topping):** When the inflorescence is fully open and many flowers are present, the entire structure, along with its lower 2–3 leaves, is removed. This method is the latest and consumes the most nutrients, potentially hindering parietal lobe development. The main stem becomes lignified, making removal difficult and increasing the risk of disease. It is used in cases of excess nitrogen or prolonged drought, where nutrients are not fully absorbed by the plant, aiming to reduce nitrogen buildup in the leaves and promote timely maturation.
Each topping method has its own advantages and is selected based on field conditions and goals, ensuring optimal tobacco leaf quality and yield.