Clinical manifestations of hypertrophic gingivitis
Release date: 2009-08-31
The gums appear swollen and enlarged, often dark red in color, with a soft texture that easily bleeds when probed. The gingival papillae are rounded and bulbous, and the gum tissue may cover more than one-third of the front lip. Due to the overgrowth, the periodontal sulcus becomes deeper, forming a pocket where food debris can accumulate. This environment promotes bacterial growth and reduces the ability to clean naturally, leading to worsened inflammation and possible pus formation. If the immune system is weakened, abscesses may develop, particularly around the gum papillae. Patients may experience symptoms such as bleeding gums, a feeling of fullness, or bad breath. In the later stages, the gums become firmer due to fibrosis, and the inflammation may subside, resulting in what is known as hypertrophic gingivitis. During pregnancy, this condition is referred to as pregnancy gingivitis. In some cases, the gum papillae may swell into a globular shape and have a stalk-like appearance, known as a "pregnancy tumor." After childbirth, the swollen gums usually return to normal on their own. In addition, certain systemic conditions can also cause gum enlargement. For example, leukemia may lead to gum swelling due to an increase in white blood cells in the peripheral vessels. The gums may appear pale, and if there's an infection, the margins become red and bleed. Severe cases can result in necrosis of the gum papillae or margins, accompanied by a strong odor. Another condition is vitamin C deficiency, which causes the entire gum to turn purple-red and bleed easily. In severe cases, the gum tissue may die off, and the bad breath becomes very noticeable. Long-term use of phenytoin, a medication commonly used for epilepsy, can also cause gum hyperplasia. This condition typically affects the buccal and lingual gums, causing them to become nodular, firm, and less likely to bleed. Understanding the underlying causes is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. If you notice any unusual changes in your gums, it’s important to consult a dental professional for an accurate evaluation. Meditech Medical Network
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