Clinical manifestations of hypertrophic gingivitis
Release date: 2009-08-31
The gums appear swollen and enlarged, showing a dark red or purplish-red color. The tissue is soft and easily bleeds upon probing. The gingival papilla takes on a rounded shape, and the swollen gum may cover one-third or more of the anterior lip. Due to the thickening of the gums, the periodontal sulcus becomes deeper, forming a pocket where food debris can accumulate. This environment promotes bacterial growth and makes it difficult for the mouth to clean itself, leading to worsened inflammation and possible pus formation. If the body's immunity declines, abscesses may develop, particularly in the interdental areas. Patients may experience symptoms such as bleeding gums, a feeling of fullness, and bad breath. In the later stages of the condition, the gums become firmer due to fibrosis, and the inflammatory signs may decrease, a stage known as hypertrophic gingivitis. During pregnancy, this condition is referred to as pregnancy gingivitis. In some cases, the gum papillae may swell into a round shape and have a stalk-like appearance, which is sometimes called a "pregnancy tumor." After childbirth, the swollen gums usually return to normal on their own. In addition, certain systemic conditions can also cause gum enlargement. It's important to differentiate these from other causes. For example: Leukemia can lead to gum swelling due to an increase in white blood cells, which accumulate in the gum tissues. The gums appear pale, and if there's an infection, the margins become red and bleed. In severe cases, the gum tissue or papillae may necrotize, resulting in a strong odor. Vitamin C deficiency can cause purple-red, easily bleeding gums. In advanced stages, the gum tissue may become necrotic, with a noticeable bad smell. Long-term use of phenytoin, a medication used to control seizures, can result in gingival hyperplasia. This condition is characterized by nodular, firm, and non-bleeding overgrowth of the buccal and lingual gums. Understanding the underlying causes is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. Meditech Medical Network
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