During the booting phase, both vegetative and reproductive growth stages of maize are actively developing, making this period critical for optimizing yield potential. Proper field management is essential, and several key strategies should be implemented to ensure success.
Firstly, during the booting period, maize undergoes significant differentiation of spikelets and florets, directly impacting ear size and grain count. This is also when the plant's nutrient needs peak, so applying ear fertilizer at the right time is crucial. Ideally, fertilization should occur when the florets begin to differentiate. For early-maturing varieties, around 12 to 15 fully expanded leaves are ideal, while medium-maturing types require approximately 14 to 17 leaves, and late-maturing types need about 16 to 19 leaves. The application rate of the ear fertilizer should depend on soil fertility levels, initial fertilizer application, and the overall health of the plant. In less fertile soils, where plants may show lighter foliage and weaker growth, up to 60-65% of the total top-dressed fertilizer might be appropriate. In moderately fertile soils with robust plants and darker leaves, around 50-55% of the total fertilizer could suffice. For highly fertile soils with strong root systems and vigorous growth, 45-50% of the total fertilizer would be sufficient.
Secondly, the booting period is not just about nutrient demands but also represents a critical phase for water needs. Around 27-38% of the plant's total water requirement occurs during this stage. Maintaining soil moisture at 70-75% of field capacity is recommended. Insufficient water can hinder ear development, leading to smaller cobs, reduced grain size, and increased barrenness, potentially reducing yields by 38-54%. Therefore, timely irrigation during this phase is vital to meet the plant’s hydration needs and support healthy growth.
Thirdly, timely cultivation practices enhance soil permeability, boost oxygen levels, minimize moisture loss, and encourage deeper root establishment. Shallow tillage, about 3-5 cm deep, is recommended during the booting stage. Cultivation also supports microbial activity, accelerates organic matter decomposition, suppresses weed growth, and improves the overall maize growth environment.
Lastly, pest control is essential during the booting period. The corn borer is a primary pest, causing significant damage to the plant's heart, stems, ears, and tassels. Once pest infestation reaches 10-15%, chemical control should be applied. Options include using 1.5% phoxim granules mixed with soil to create toxic bait, applying 90% crystalline diazinon diluted 1000-2000 times directly into the leaf heart, or soaking stalks with insecticide and inserting them into the ears. These methods are cost-effective and offer extended protection.
In summary, managing the booting period effectively involves balancing nutrient and water inputs while addressing pest threats. By implementing these strategies, growers can maximize their maize yield potential and achieve healthier crops.
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