Double anvil grafting is a highly effective technique for cultivating longan seedlings, offering numerous benefits that make it a preferred method among horticulturists. Here are the key advantages of this grafting method:
Firstly, it significantly improves work efficiency and is suitable for grafting various types of fruit trees, making it a versatile choice. Secondly, the double anvil method increases the contact area between the scion and rootstock, which enhances the chances of successful grafting and promotes better survival rates.
Another advantage is that it allows for the efficient use of fine branches from high-quality mother trees, providing a wide range of scion sources. The lower grafting position also helps in the smooth transportation of water and inorganic salts, supports early bud sprouting, and offers better protection for the grafted part during winter.
Additionally, the "double anvil" system develops a strong root system after planting, enabling faster absorption of water and nutrients, quicker canopy expansion, earlier fruiting, and improved resistance to lodging. This technique can also shorten the time required to raise seedlings, as grafting is typically done in spring (late February to late March), and the seedlings can be moved out in autumn and winter. Seedlings grown using this method usually reach over 1 meter in height within just one month, are sturdy, and grow vigorously.
Moreover, the double anvil grafting method helps avoid the formation of graft knots, which is beneficial for the efficient transport of organic nutrients. Lastly, the operation is simple and easy to learn, making it accessible even for beginners.
**Seedling Production Steps**
1. **Anvil Cultivation**: Choose fresh, large longan seeds for growing the anvil. There are two common methods: the drilling method, where one seed is planted per 4 cm, and the spreading method, where seedlings are transplanted once they have developed 2-3 true leaves, spaced 4 cm apart. Regular fertilization with diluted human manure is essential, with about 50 kg of manure water mixed with 100–150 grams of ammonium bicarbonate applied 2–3 times a month to promote healthy growth.
2. **Scion Collection**: Select branches from optimized longan mother trees. The best time to collect scions is when the bark is red-green and the buds are about 0.5 cm long. Spring scions should be taken from last year’s autumn shoots, followed by new spring shoots.
3. **Grafting Technique**: Use longan seedlings with a diameter of at least 0.3 cm as rootstocks. Water and fertilize them one month before grafting. Cut the rootstocks 7–8 cm above the ground. After 4–5 days, the grafts will start to accumulate nutrients and regulate water evaporation, which is crucial for successful grafting. Make a 45-degree bevel on the top of both rootstocks, then cut a small slit on the bottom to include a bit of xylem, approximately 3–4 cm long. On the scion, cut a "V" shape at the base, about 3 cm long, and place it between the two anvils, aligning the cambium layers. Secure the graft with a string and wrap it tightly with a plastic film, leaving the buds exposed.
**Grafted Seedling Care**
1. **Loosening**: In spring, loosen the binding 50–60 days after grafting when the seedling is 7 cm tall. In autumn, do so when the height exceeds 10 cm. Loosen the tape after 15 days to help nutrient transport and prevent nodule formation.
2. **Tip Removal**: If two buds appear, remove one and keep the other to encourage growth. When the seedling reaches 40 cm, prune it to stimulate the growth of 2–3 side branches. Also, regularly remove axillary buds from the rootstock to ensure vigorous seedling development.
3. **Fertilization**: Apply diluted human manure regularly, with chemical fertilizer used as a supplement. Fertilize twice a month. During rainy periods, prioritize compound fertilizer.
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