Double anvil grafting is a highly effective technique for cultivating longan seedlings, offering numerous benefits that make it a preferred method among horticulturists. This approach not only improves efficiency but also enhances the survival and growth of grafted plants. Here are the key advantages:
1. **High Work Efficiency**: The double anvil method allows for quick and easy grafting, making it suitable for various fruit tree species. It significantly reduces labor time and effort compared to traditional methods.
2. **Improved Graft Contact Area**: By increasing the contact surface between the scion and rootstock, this technique promotes better fusion and higher survival rates.
3. **Utilization of Fine Branches**: It makes full use of fine branches from high-quality mother trees, providing a wide range of scion sources without damaging the parent plant.
4. **Optimal Grafting Position**: Grafting at a lower position helps in better water and nutrient transport, supports early bud sprouting, and offers better protection during winter.
5. **Strong Root System**: The "double anvil" develops a robust root system after planting, which enhances water and fertilizer absorption, accelerates canopy development, and ensures early fruiting and resistance to lodging.
6. **Shortened Seedling Raising Time**: Grafting can be done in spring (late February to late March), and seedlings can be ready for transplanting by autumn or winter. Within one month, the seedlings reach over 1 meter in height, are sturdy, and grow vigorously.
7. **Avoids Graft Swellings**: This method prevents the formation of graft nodules, facilitating the smooth transmission of organic nutrients.
8. **Easy to Learn and Apply**: The process is straightforward, making it accessible even for beginners.
**Seedling Production Steps**
1. **Anvil Cultivation**: Choose fresh, large longan seeds for growing the anvil. Two common methods are:
- **Drilling Method**: Plant one seed every 4 cm.
- **Spreading Method**: After sowing, transplant seedlings when they have 2-3 true leaves, spacing them 4 cm apart. Fertilize with diluted human manure mixed with ammonium bicarbonate (100–150g per 50kg of water), applied 2–3 times monthly to promote healthy growth.
2. **Scion Collection**: Select branches from high-quality longan mother trees. The ideal scion should have a red-green bark with buds that have started to sprout shoots about 0.5 cm long. Collect scions from last year’s autumn shoots in spring, followed by new spring shoots.
3. **Grafting Technique**: Use longan seedlings with a stem diameter of at least 0.3 cm as rootstocks. Water and fertilize them well one month before grafting. Cut the rootstock 7–8 cm above the ground. After 4–5 days, grafting can proceed.
- Make a 45° bevel on the top of each rootstock.
- Cut a small slit in the center of the rootstock, including a small portion of the xylem, about 3–4 cm long.
- Prepare the scion by cutting a "V" shape at the base, 3 cm long, with two buds.
- Place the scion between the two rootstocks, aligning the cambium layers.
- Secure the graft with a string and wrap it tightly with plastic film, leaving the buds exposed.
**Post-Grafting Management**
1. **Loosening the Binding Tape**: In spring, loosen the tape when the seedling reaches 7 cm in height, and in autumn, when it's over 10 cm. Loosen the tape after 15 days to allow better water and nutrient flow and prevent nodule formation.
2. **Tip Removal**: If two buds emerge, remove one and keep the other to encourage strong growth. When the seedling reaches 40 cm, pinch the tip to promote branching. Regularly remove axillary buds from the rootstock to ensure vigorous growth.
3. **Fertilization**: Use diluted human manure as the main fertilizer, supplemented with chemical fertilizers. Apply twice a month, and if it rains, prioritize compound fertilizers.
This comprehensive approach ensures healthy, strong, and productive longan seedlings, making double anvil grafting a valuable technique for modern horticulture.
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