1. Fertilization problems and fertilization principles

For pear production, organic fertilizer is used less, organic matter content is lower, nitrogen fertilizer input rate is low, utilization rate of potash fertilizer and trace elements are less, fertilization period, fertilization method, fertilizer ratio are unreasonable, and soil orchards of calcium or iron, The lack of trace elements such as zinc and boron is common, especially the shortage of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the orchard soil of southern China, and the problem of serious soil acidification. The following principles of fertilization are proposed:

(1) Increase the application of organic fertilizers, implement orchards, cover and fertilize soils in orchards; use lime and organic fertilizers for improvement in orchards with severe soil acidification;

(2) According to the soil fertility conditions of pear orchard and the growth condition of pear trees, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be reduced appropriately, and the application of potash fertilizers should be increased. The trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and boron should be added through foliar spraying.

(3) Combining high-yield, high-quality cultivation techniques, yield levels, and soil fertility conditions, determine fertilizer application time, amount, and ratio of elements;

(4) Optimize the fertilization method, change the applicator into a plant or acupuncture, rationally cooperate with irrigation and fertilization, and adjust the fertilizer with water.

2. Fertilizer amount and method

(1) Orchards with an output of more than 4,000 kilograms per mu: organic fertilizer 3 to 4 m2/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 25 to 30 kg/mu, phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) 8 to 12 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 20 to 30 kg /mu.

(2) Orchards with an output of 2,000 to 4,000 kilograms per mu: organic fertilizer 2 to 3 m3/mu, nitrogen fertilizer 20 to 25 kg/mu, phosphorus fertilizer 8 to 12 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer 20 to 25 Kilograms/acre.

(3) Orchards with an output of 2000kg per mu: organic fertilizer 2 to 3 m3/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15 to 20 kg/mu, phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) 8 to 12 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 15 to 20 kg /mu.

In the orchards with less calcium and magnesium in the soil, phosphate fertilizer should be used for calcium, magnesium and phosphate; orchards with iron, zinc, and boron deficiency can be sprayed with foliar ferrous sulfate at a concentration of 0.3% to 0.5%, zinc sulfate at 0.3%, and 0.2%. % to 0.5% borax to correct. According to the application amount of organic fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer N and K may be increased or decreased as appropriate.

All organic fertilizers, all phosphate fertilizers, 50% to 60% nitrogen fertilizers, and 40% potassium fertilizers were used as base fertilizers in autumn after pear fruit harvest. The remaining 40% to 50% nitrogen fertilizers and 60% potassium fertilizers were in the bud stage in March. And during the expansion period from June to July, the number and amount of topdressing can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the strength or weakness of the pear tree.

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